M2: NOUN

1.SINGULAR

Singular Noun Definition:  When a noun means one only, it is said to be singular.(boy, girl, book, church, box)

Examples:  I’m buying the book.

2.PLURAL

Plural Noun Definition:  When a noun means more than one, it is said to be( boys, girls, books, churches)

Examples:  flowers fress

http://www.lovetolearnplace.com/Grammar/Singular%20%26%20Plural%20Nouns.pdf

3.COUNTABLE

Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns:

• dog, cat, animal, man, person
• bottle, box, litre
• coin, note, dollar
• cup, plate, fork
• table, chair, suitcase, bag

When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it:

• I want an orange. (not I want orange.)
• Where is my bottle? (not Where is bottle?)

When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:

• I like oranges.
• Bottles can break.

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/nouns-un-countable_1.htm

4.UNCOUNTABLE

Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into separate elements. We cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns:

• music, art, love, happiness
• advice, information, news
• furniture, luggage
• rice, sugar, butter, water
• electricity, gas, power

For example:

• This news is very important.
• Your luggage looks heavy.

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/nouns-un-countable_2.htm

5.Plural Possessives                                                              

To make most nouns plural, add an -s or -es. The -es is added to words that end in an s or z sound.

To make a plural noun possessive, simply add an apostrophe to the word. If the plural does not end in an s, then add an apostrophe plus s.

Examples: The girls' dresses
(The dresses belonging to the girls.)

http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000132.htm

6.POSSESIVE SINGULAR

Possessive singular

The possessive of singular nouns (a name, place, thing, or idea) is formed by adding an apostrophe plus an s.

Ex: monica’s house

     Flower’s petals

http://www.examples-help.org.uk/parts-of-speech/plural-nouns.htm

7. COMMON NOUNS & PROPER NOUNS

The important thing to remember is that common nouns are general names. Thus, they are not capitalized unless they begin a sentence or are part of a title. Proper nouns, those that name specific things, do require capitalization.

Here are some sample sentences:

Although there are five other chairs in the living room, everyone in Jim's family fights to sit in the puffy new Roll-O-Rocker.

Chairs = common noun; Roll-O-Rocker = proper noun.
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/commonnoun.htm